Why Beale chose specifically sigma (as opposed to other letters yet untaken in masculinist discourse) is unclear. Beale began using the term as early as January 2010, when he defined it on his blog. The term sigma male seems to be a creation of far-right activist and writer Theodore Robert Beale, who goes by Vox Day. Sigma follows the pattern in masculinist subcultures of using (often sequential) letters of the Greek alphabet to create a social hierarchy of masculinity, e.g., alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omega males.
In fact, the English letter S develops from the Greek sigma.
Sigma is transliterated as the English letter S and s.
Sigma is the name of the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet, Capital sigma is written as Σ lowercase sigma is written as σ and ς at the end of words.